PostgreSQL is an open-source relational database system used for storing and managing data in database tables. It is one of the most important open-source relational database systems and offers extensive capabilities for data management, querying, and transactions. PostgreSQL supports standard SQL (Structured Query Language) and provides a rich set of features for working with data.
PostGIS is an extension for PostgreSQL that adds support for working with geographic and spatial data. This extension enables the storage, management, and querying of geographic data within a PostgreSQL database. With PostGIS, it is possible to store geometric data such as point, line, and polygon objects, and to perform various spatial analyses and queries on this data.
PostGIS provides functions such as precise spatial queries, distance calculations between objects, intersection and union analyses of spatial objects, and many others. The combination of PostgreSQL and PostGIS is a popular tool for managing geographic data and developing Geographic Information Systems (GIS), as it allows for storing, processing, and analyzing complex spatial data alongside traditional data.
Administration of the database system can be performed using web-based tools that replace desktop applications such as PgAdmin 4 or DBeaver: